AnandhanSubbiah.com » Network http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog 'Inspire and Innovate' Wed, 11 Jan 2012 03:30:01 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.8.6 en hourly 1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/tcpip-protocol-stack/ http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/tcpip-protocol-stack/#comments Mon, 15 Dec 2008 15:51:40 +0000 Anandhan Subbiah http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/?p=310 Application Layer
BOOTP: Bootstrap Protocol
DCAP: Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS: Domain Name Systems
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
Finger: User Information Protocol
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
S-HTTP: Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP)
IMAP & IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol
IPDC: IP Device Control
IRCP (IRC): Internet Relay Chat Protocol
LDAP: Lightweighted Directory Access Protocol
MIME (S-MIME): Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (Secure MIME)
NAT: Network Address Translation
NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol
NTP: Network Time Protocol
POP & POP3: Post Office Protocol (version 3)
rlogin: Remote Login in Unix
RMON: Remote Monitoring MIBs in SNMP
SLP: Service Location Protocol
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP: Simple Network Time Protocol
Syslog Protocol
TELNET: TCP/IP Terminal Emulation Protocol
TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
X-Window: X Window or X Protocol or X System

Presentation Layer LPP: Lightweight Presentation Protocol

Session Layer RPC: Remote Procedure Call protocol

Transport Layer

ITOT: ISO Transport Over TCP/IP
RDP: Reliable Data Protocol
RUDP: Reliable UDP
TALI: Transport Adapter Layer Interface
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
UDP: User Datagram Protocol
Van Jacobson: Compressed TCP

Network Layer Routing

BGP/BGP-4: Border Gateway Protocol
EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol
IP: Internet Protocol
IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6
ICMP/ICMPv6: Internet Control Message Protocol
IRDP: ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
Mobile IP: IP Mobility Support Protocol for IPv4 & IPv6
NARP: NBMA Address Resolution Protocol
NHRP: Next Hop Resolution Protocol
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
RIP (RIP2): Routing Information Protocol
RIPng: RIP for IPv6
RSVP: Resource ReSerVation Protocol
VRRP: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

Multicast

BGMP: Border Gateway Multicast Protocol
DVMRP: Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol
MARS: Multicast Address Resolution Server
MBGP: Multiprotocol BGP
MOSPF: Multicast OSPF
MSDP: Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
MZAP: Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol
PGM: Pragmatic General Multicast Protocol
PIM-DM: Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode
PIM-SM: Protocol Independent Multicast – Sparse Mode

MPLS Protocols

MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching
CR-LDP: Constraint-Based Label Distribution Protocol
LDP: Label Distribution Protocol
RSVP-TE: Resource ReSerVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering
GMPLS: Generalized Multi-Protocol Lable Switching

Data Link Layer

ARP and InARP: Address Resolution Protocol and Inverse ARP
IPCP and IPv6CP: IP Control Protocol and IPv6 Control Protocol
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
SLIP: Serial Line IP

Related protocol suites LAN, MAN, WAN, SAN, Security/VPN

Sponsor Source IETF, DARPA, ISO

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]]> http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/tcpip-protocol-stack/feed/ 1 OSI Network Architecture 7 Layers Model http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/osi-network-architecture-7-layers-model/ http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/osi-network-architecture-7-layers-model/#comments Mon, 15 Dec 2008 15:48:47 +0000 Anandhan Subbiah http://anandhansubbiah.com/blog/?p=308 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in 1984, as a conceptual framework of standards for communication in the network across different equipment and applications by different vendors. It is now considered the primary architectural model for inter-computing and internetworking communications. Most of the network communication protocols used today have a structure based on the OSI model. The OSI model defines the communications process into 7 layers, dividing the tasks involved with moving information between networked computers into seven smaller, more manageable task groups. A task or group of tasks is then assigned to each of the seven OSI layers. Each layer is reasonably self-contained so that the tasks assigned to each layer can be implemented independently. This enables the solutions offered by one layer to be updated without adversely affecting the other layers.

The OSI 7 layers model has clear characteristics at each layer. Basically, layers 7 through 4 deal with end-to-end communications between data source and destinations, while layers 3 to 1 deal with communications between network devices. On the other hand, the seven layers of the OSI model can be divided into two groups: upper layers (layers 7, 6 & 5) and lower layers (layers 4, 3, 2, 1). The upper layers of the OSI model deal with application issues and generally are implemented only in software. The highest layer, the application layer, is closest to the end user. The lower layers of the OSI model handle data transport issues. The physical layer and the data link layer are implemented in hardware and software. The lowest layer, the physical layer, is closest to the physical network medium (the wires, for example) and is responsible for placing data on the medium.

The specific description for each layer is as follows:

Layer 7: Application Layer

* Defines interface to user processes for communication and data transfer in network
* Provides standardized services such as virtual terminal, file and job transfer and operations

Layer 6: Presentation Layer

* Masks the differences of data formats between dissimilar systems
* Specifies architecture-independent data transfer format
* Encodes and decodes data; encrypts and decrypts data; compresses and decompresses data

Layer 5: Session Layer

* Manages user sessions and dialogues
* Controls establishment and termination of logic links between users
* Reports upper layer errors

Layer 4: Transport Layer

* Manages end-to-end message delivery in network
* Provides reliable and sequential packet delivery through error recovery and flow control mechanisms
* Provides connectionless-oriented packet delivery

Layer 3: Network Layer

* Determines how data are transferred between network devices
* Routes packets according to unique network device addresses
* Provides flow and congestion control to prevent network resource depletion

Layer 2: Data Link Layer

* Defines procedures for operating the communication links
* Frames packets
* Detects and corrects packets transmit errors

Layer 1: Physical Layer

* Defines physical means of sending data over network devices
* Interfaces between network medium and devices
* Defines optical, electrical and mechanical characteristics

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